Publications

Avelino-Silva VI, Stone M, Di Germanio C, Lanteri MC, Bakkour S, Grebe E, Custer B, Deng X, Pillai S, Buccheri R, Kleinman SH, Vasan S, Rolland M, Phanuphak N, Sacdalan C, Akapirat S, de Souza M, Kallas EG, Mateos S de OG, Sabino EC, Busch MP, Norris PJ. HIV serologic reactivity varies with time of ART initiation in persons on long-term ART. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2026; 64(1): e0127325. doi:10.1128/jcm.01273-25.

Akinseye A, Wright DJ, Grebe E, Stone M, Hathaway CA, Fink RV, Spencer BR, Saa P, Lanteri MC, Busch MP, Jones JM. Proportions of US Blood Donors With Serological Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections Who Reported Survey-Based Diagnosed Infections During July 2020–December 2022. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. Epub ahead of print 2025. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaf210.

Avelino-Silva VI, Stone M, Montalvo L, Di Germanio C, Bakkour S, Lanteri MC, Grebe E, Custer B, Deng X, Buccheri R, Harrington K, Kleinman SH, Vasan S, Phanuphak N, Sacdalan C, Akapirat S, De Souza M, Kallás EG, De Oliveira Garcia Mateos S, Sabino EC, Norris PJ, Busch MP, for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatric (REDS-IV-P). Improved HIV-1 RNA detection using whole blood versus plasma in antiretroviral-treated individuals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology; 63(7). Epub ahead of print July 2025. doi:10.1128/jcm.01904-24.

Avelino-Silva VI, Kaidarova Z, Grebe E, Hindes D, Bruhn RL, Notari E, Burke D, Kessler DA, Delvalle C, Reik R, Ortiz V, Fallon S, Lanteri MC, Stramer SL, Hailu B, Yang H, Whitaker B, Custer B. Factors associated with HIV infection in U.S. Blood donors across evolving deferral policies. Transfusion 2025; 65(11): 2113–2127. doi:10.1111/trf.18411.

Braga NA, de Oliveira Garcia Mateos S, Buccheri R, Avelino-Silva VI, Warden DE, de Almeida-Neto C, Ribeiro M, Amorim L, Loureiro P, Fraiji N, Oikawa MK, Grebe E, Stone M, Sabino EC, Custer B. Syphilis reactivity among blood donors in Brazil: Associated factors and implications for public health monitoring. BMC Public Health 2025; 25(1): 60. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-21114-3.

Buccheri R, Warden DE, Oikawa M, Grebe E, Miranda C, Amorim L, Loureiro P, Ribeiro M, Fraji N, De Almeida-Neto C, Sabino E, Custer B. Assessing HIV trends among blood donors in five Brazilian blood centers: The impact of individual donor assessment. Transfusion 2025; 65(4): 685–695. doi:10.1111/trf.18168.

Grebe E, Di Germanio C, Notari EP, Stone M, Bhaskar JR, Dayana V, Lanteri MC, Gorlin J, Reik R, Stramer SL, Busch MP, Hailu B, Belov AA, Yang H, Whitaker B, Custer B, the US Transfusion-Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS). HIV incidence in US first-time blood donors during 12 and 3 month deferral policy periods between 2015 and 2023 before implementation of individual donor assessment. Transfusion 2025; 65(5): 834–840. doi:10.1111/trf.18195.

Grebe E, Buccheri R, Montalvo L, Kashima S, Miranda C, Milani P, Stone M, Livezey K, Capuani L, Alencar CS, Amorim L, Loureiro P, Ribeiro M, Da Costa AG, Mendrone A, Busch MP, Sabino EC, Custer B, Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatric (REDS-IV-P) Brazil. Dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus surveillance in blood donors in Brazil, 2019–2021. Vox Sanguinis. Epub ahead of print December 2025. doi:10.1111/vox.70150.

Grebe E, Chacreton D, Stone M, Spencer BR, Haynes J, Akinseye A, Lanteri MC, Green V, Sulaeman H, Bruhn R, Avelino-Silva VI, Contestable P, Biggerstaff BJ, Coughlin MM, Custer B, Jones JM, Wright D, Busch MP. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections Using Nucleocapsid Antibody Boosting. Emerging Infectious Diseases; 31(5). Epub ahead of print May 2025. doi:10.3201/eid3105.250021.

Jones J, Grebe E, Lartey I, Stone M, Spencer B, Akinseye A, Molina Manrique I, Fink R, Green V, Saa P, Biggerstaff B, Coughlin M, Briggs-Hagen M, Lanteri M, Opsomer J, Wright D, Busch M. Estimated US trends in SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody concentrations and correlation to risk of first-time infections based on blood donations, 2022. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Epub ahead of print 2025. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaf329.

Jones JM, Coughlin MM, Grebe E, Busch MP, Clarke KEN. Reply to ‘Vaccination caused underestimation of cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection’. Microbiology Spectrum; 13(2). Epub ahead of print February 2025. doi:10.1128/spectrum.01979-24.

Rossenkhan R, Giorgi EE, Shao D, Ludwig J, Labuschagne P, Magaret CA, Ndung’u T, Muema D, Gounder K, Dong KL, Walker BD, Rolland M, Robb ML, Eller LA, Sawe F, Nitayaphan S, Grebe E, Busch MP, Delaney KP, Facente S, Carpp LN, deCamp AC, Huang Y, Korber B, Juraska M, Rudnicki E, Kosmider E, Reeves DB, Mayer BT, Hural J, Deng W, Westfall DH, Yssel A, Matten D, Bhattacharya T, Corey L, Gilbert PB, Williamson C, Mullins JI, Edlefsen PT. Bayesian estimation of HIV acquisition dates for prevention trials. mBio 2025; 16(10): e0188125. doi:10.1128/mbio.01881-25.

Spencer BR, Akinseye A, Grebe E, Stone M, Zurita KG, Wright DJ, Haynes JM, Stramer SL, Busch MP. Self-Reported SARS-CoV-2 Infections among National Blood Donor Cohort, United States, 2020–2022. Emerging Infectious Diseases; 31(5). Epub ahead of print May 2025. doi:10.3201/eid3105.241953.

Avelino-Silva VI, Bruhn R, Zurita KG, Grebe E, Stone M, Busch MP, Custer B. Adherence to COVID-19 vaccination recommendations and vaccine hesitancy in US blood donors. Transfusion 2024; 64(12): 2314–2324. doi:10.1111/trf.18051.

Avelino-Silva VI, Bruhn R, Zurita KG, Deng X, Yu EA, Grebe E, Stone M, Lanteri MC, Spencer BR, Busch MP, Custer B. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and long COVID occurrence in blood donors. Transfusion 2024; 64(9): 1719–1731. doi:10.1111/trf.17952.

Avelino-Silva VI, Stone M, Bakkour S, Di Germanio C, Schmidt M, Conway AL, Wright D, Grebe E, Custer B, Kleinman SH, Deng X, Lingappa JR, Defechereux P, Mehrotra M, Grant RM, Vasan S, Facente S, Phanuphak N, Sacdalan C, Akapirat S, De Souza M, Busch MP, Norris PJ. Suppressed HIV antibody responses following exposure to antiretrovirals—evidence from PrEP randomized trials and early antiretroviral treatment initiation studies. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2024; 148: 107222. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107222.

Custer B, Altan E, Montalvo L, Coyne A, Grebe E, Deng X, Stone M, Delwart E, Bakkour S, Hailu B, Reik R, Kessler D, Stramer SL, Busch MP, for the Transfusion Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS) Program, Notari E, Stramer S, Dodd R, Conti G, Fayed R, Nelson D, Townsend R, Foster G, Haynes J, Crawford E, Huseynova E, Krysztof D, Burke D, Lanteri M, Green V, Cyrus S, Williamson P, Kessler D, Gorlin J, Milan-Benson L, DelValle C, Chien P, Brown T, Reik R, Shea C, Lopez M, Richards K, Foster T, Brodsky J, Barr M, Rains T, Custer B, Bruhn R, Grebe E, Busch M, Stone M, Di Germanio C, Hindes D, Kaidarova Z, Zurita K, Tadena A, Montalvo L, Dayana A, Hughes S, Townsend M, Bravo M, Vannoy J, Fallon S, Anderson S, Whitaker B, Yang H, Belov A, Eder A, Hailu B, Zou S, Berger J, Custer B, Stramer S, Kessler D, Reik R, Williamson P, Anderson SA, Hailu B. HIV Subtypes and Drug-resistance-associated Mutations in US Blood Donors, 2015–2020. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2024; 11(7): ofae343. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofae343.

Di Germanio C, Deng X, Balasko BG, Simmons G, Martinelli R, Grebe E, Stone M, Spencer BR, Saa P, Yu EA, Lanteri MC, Green V, Wright D, Lartey I, Kleinman S, Jones J, Biggerstaff BJ, Contestable P, Busch MP. Spike and nucleocapsid antibody dynamics following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: Implications for sourcing COVID-19 convalescent plasma from routinely collected blood donations. Transfusion 2024; 64(11): 2063–2074. doi:10.1111/trf.18017.

Di Germanio C, Deng X, Grebe E, Johnson JA, Masciotra S, Busch MP, Norris PJ. Performance of a rapid recency assay for detection of early HIV infection. Journal of Clinical Virology: The Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 2024; 174: 105708. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105708.

Emperador DM, Stone M, Grebe E, Escadafal C, Dave H, Lackritz E, Kelly-Cirino C, Rabe I, Rojas DP, Busch MP, Simmons G. Comparative Evaluation of Select Serological Assays for Zika Virus Using Blinded Reference Panels. Viruses 2024; 16(7): 1075. doi:10.3390/v16071075.

Grebe E, Stone M, Spencer BR, Akinseye A, Wright DJ, Di Germanio C, Bruhn R, Zurita KG, Contestable P, Green V, Lanteri MC, Saa P, Biggerstaff BJ, Coughlin MM, Kleinman S, Custer B, Jones JM, Busch MP. Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibodies Associated with Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Unvaccinated and Vaccinated Blood Donors. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2024; 30(8): 1621–1630. doi:10.3201/eid3008.240659.

Van den Berg K, Murphy EL, Maartens G, Louw VJ, Grebe E. The impact of non-disclosure of HIV status and antiretroviral therapy on HIV recency testing and incidence algorithms. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(6): 581–589. doi:10.1111/vox.13627.

Vermeulen M, Mhlanga L, Sykes W, Cable R, Coleman C, Pietersen N, Swanevelder R, Glatt TN, Bingham J, van den Berg K, Grebe E, Welte A. The evolution and interpretation of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among South African blood donors from the Beta to Omicron variant-driven waves. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(3): 242–251. doi:10.1111/vox.13571.

Yu EA, Stone M, Bravo MD, Grebe E, Bruhn RL, Lanteri MC, Townsend M, Kamel H, Jones JM, Busch MP, Custer B. Associations of Temporal Cardiometabolic Patterns and Incident SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among U.S. Blood Donors With Serologic Evidence of Vaccination. AJPM Focus 2024; 3(2): 100186. doi:10.1016/j.focus.2024.100186.

Custer B, Grebe E, Buccheri R, Bakkour S, Stone M, Capuani L, Alencar C, Amorim L, Loureiro P, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Mendrone-Junior A, Gonçalez T, Gao K, Livezey KW, Linnen JM, Brambilla D, McClure C, Busch MP, Sabino EC, for the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS-III) International Component Brazil. Surveillance for Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Virus Incidence and RNAemia in Blood Donors at 4 Brazilian Blood Centers During 2016–2019. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2023; 227(5): 696–707. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac173.

Greenwald MA, Grebe E, Green V, Jones AL, Linnen JM, Williamson P, Busch MP, Kuehnert MJ. Low rate of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in deceased tissue donors. Cell and Tissue Banking 2023; 24(3): 585–596. doi:10.1007/s10561-022-10054-0.

Jones JM, Manrique IM, Stone MS, Grebe E, Saa P, Germanio CD, Spencer BR, Notari E, Bravo M, Lanteri MC, Green V, Briggs-Hagen M, Coughlin MM, Stramer SL, Opsomer J, Busch MP. Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Incidence of Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Blood Donors, by COVID-19 Vaccination Status — United States, April 2021–September 2022. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2023; 72(22): 601–605. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7222a3.

Mhlanga L, Welte A, Grebe E, Ohler L, Van Cutsem G, Huerga H, Conan N. Evidence of HIV incidence reduction in young women, but not in adolescent girls, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. IJID Regions 2023; 8: 111–117. doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.07.004.

Parkin N, Gao F, Grebe E, Cutrell A, Das M, Donnell D, Duerr A, Glidden DV, Hughes JP, Murray J, Robertson MN, Zinserling J, Lau J, Miller V, for the Forum for Collaborative Research Recency Assay Working Group. Facilitating Next-Generation Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Clinical Trials Using HIV Recent Infection Assays: A Consensus Statement from the Forum HIV Prevention Trial Design Project. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2023; 114(1): 29–40. doi:10.1002/cpt.2830.

Stone M, Bakkour S, Grebe E, Emperador DM, Escadafal C, Deng X, Dave H, Kelly-Cirino C, Lackritz E, Rojas DP, Simmons G, Rabe IB, Busch MP. Standardized evaluation of Zika nucleic acid tests used in clinical settings and blood screening. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2023; 17(3): e0011157. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011157.

Sulaeman H, Grebe E, Dave H, McCann L, Di Germanio C, Sanghavi A, Sclar V, Bougie DW, Chatelain G, Biggerstaff BJ, Jones JM, Thornburg NJ, Kleinman S, Stone M, Busch MP. Evaluation of Ortho VITROS and Roche Elecsys S and NC Immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 Serosurveillance Applications. Microbiology Spectrum 2023; 11(4): e03234–22. doi:10.1128/spectrum.03234-22.

Busch MP, Stramer SL, Stone M, Yu EA, Grebe E, Notari E, Saa P, Ferg R, Manrique IM, Weil N, Fink RV, Levy ME, Green V, Cyrus S, Williamson PC, Haynes J, Groves J, Krysztof D, Custer B, Kleinman S, Biggerstaff BJ, Opsomer JD, Jones JM. Population-Weighted Seroprevalence From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Vaccination, and Hybrid Immunity Among US Blood Donations From January to December 2021. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2022; 75(Supplement_2): S254–S263. doi:10.1093/cid/ciac470.

Facente SN, Grinstein R, Bruhn R, Kaidarova Z, Wilson E, Hecht J, Burk K, Grebe E, Morris MD. Hepatitis C prevalence and key population size estimate updates in San Francisco: 2015 to 2019. PLOS ONE 2022; 17(5): e0267902. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267902.

Facente SN, Grebe E, Maher AD, Fox D, Scheer S, Mahy M, Dalal S, Lowrance D, Marsh K. Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2022; 8(3): e34410. doi:10.2196/34410.

Fink RV, Fisher L, Sulaeman H, Dave H, Levy ME, McCann L, Di Germanio C, Notari EP, Green V, Cyrus S, Williamson P, Saa P, Haynes JM, Groves J, Mathew S, Kaidarova Z, Bruhn R, Grebe E, Opsomer J, Jones JM, Miller MJ, Busch MP, Stone M. How do we…form and coordinate a national serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 within the blood collection industry? Transfusion 2022; 62(7): 1321–1333. doi:10.1111/trf.16943.

Grebe E, Yu EA, Bravo MD, Welte A, Bruhn RL, Stone M, Green V, Williamson PC, Feldstein LR, Jones JM, Busch MP, Custer B. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in the United States Before the Delta- and Omicron-Associated Surges: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Repeat Blood Donors. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2022; 226(9): 1556–1561. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac318.

Prete CA, Buss LF, Buccheri R, Abrahim CMM, Salomon T, Crispim MAE, Oikawa MK, Grebe E, Da Costa AG, Fraiji NA, Do P. S. S. Carvalho M, Whittaker C, Alexander N, Faria NR, Dye C, Nascimento VH, Busch MP, Sabino EC. Reinfection by the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant in blood donors in Manaus, Brazil. BMC Infectious Diseases 2022; 22(1): 127. doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07094-y.

Sempa JB, Grebe E, Welte A. Quantitative interpretation of Sedia LAg Assay test results after HIV diagnosis. PLoS ONE 2022; 17(7): e0271763. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271763.

Stone M, Grebe E, Sulaeman H, Di Germanio C, Dave H, Kelly K, Biggerstaff BJ, Crews BO, Tran N, Jerome KR, Denny TN, Hogema B, Destree M, Jones JM, Thornburg N, Simmons G, Krajden M, Kleinman S, Dumont LJ, Busch MP. Evaluation of Commercially Available High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays for Serosurveillance and Related Applications. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2022; 28(3): 672–683. doi:10.3201/eid2803.211885.

Stone M, Grebe E, Busch MP. Clinical Protection During the First Omicron Wave in Unvaccinated, Convalescent US Adults. JAMA 2022; 328(2): 212. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.10332.

Van den Berg K, Vermeulen M, Bakkour S, Stone M, Jacobs G, Nyoni C, Barker C, McClure C, Creel D, Grebe E, Roubinian N, Jentsch U, Custer B, Busch MP, Murphy EL, on behalf of the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS)-III South Africa International Program. Blood Center Testing Allows the Detection and Rapid Treatment of Acute and Recent HIV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14(11): 2326. doi:10.3390/v14112326.

Vermeulen M, van Schalkwyk C, Jacobs G, van den Berg K, Stone M, Bakkour S, Custer B, Jentsch U, Busch MP, Murphy E, Grebe E. The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays. Viruses 2022; 14(7): 1426. doi:10.3390/v14071426.

Bakkour S, Saá P, Groves JA, Montalvo L, Di Germanio C, Best SM, Grebe E, Livezey K, Linnen JM, Strauss D, Kessler D, Bonn M, Green V, Williamson P, Kleinman S, Stramer SL, Stone M, Busch MP, for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatric (REDS-IV-P). Minipool testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in United States blood donors. Transfusion 2021; 61(8): 2384–2391. doi:10.1111/trf.16511.

De Oliveira Garcia Mateos S, Preiss L, Gonçalez TT, Di Lorenzo Oliveira C, Grebe E, Di Germanio C, Stone M, Amorim Filho L, Carneiro Proietti AB, Belisario AR, De Almeida-Neto C, Mendrone-Junior A, Loureiro P, Busch MP, Custer B, Cerdeira Sabino E, Recipient Epidemiology, Donor Evaluation Study (REDS-III) International Component Brazil. 10-year analysis of human immunodeficiency virus incidence in first-time and repeat donors in Brazil. Vox Sanguinis 2021; 116(2): 207–216. doi:10.1111/vox.13002.

Di Germanio C, Simmons G, Kelly K, Martinelli R, Darst O, Azimpouran M, Stone M, Hazegh K, Grebe E, Zhang S, Ma P, Orzechowski M, Gomez JE, Livny J, Hung DT, Vassallo R, Busch MP, Dumont LJ. SARS-CoV-2 antibody persistence in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: Dependency on assay format and applicability to serosurveillance. Transfusion 2021; 61(9): 2677–2687. doi:10.1111/trf.16555.

Goodhue Meyer E, Simmons G, Grebe E, Gannett M, Franz S, Darst O, Di Germanio C, Stone M, Contestable P, Prichard A, Reik R, Vassallo R, Young P, Busch MP, Williamson P, Dumont LJ. Selecting COVID-19 convalescent plasma for neutralizing antibody potency using a high-capacity SARS-CoV-2 antibody assay. Transfusion 2021; 61(4): 1160–1170. doi:10.1111/trf.16321.

Russell WA, Grebe E, Custer B. Factors driving availability of COVID-19 convalescent plasma: Insights from a demand, production, and supply model. Transfusion 2021; 61(5): 1370–1376. doi:10.1111/trf.16317.

Vermeulen M, Chowdhury D, Swanevelder R, Grebe E, Brambilla D, Jentsch U, Busch M, Van Zyl G, Murphy EL, for the REDS-III International Program South Africa. HIV incidence in South African blood donors from 2012 to 2016: A comparison of estimation methods. Vox Sanguinis 2021; 116(1): 71–80. doi:10.1111/vox.12987.

Bakkour S, Deng X, Bacchetti P, Grebe E, Montalvo L, Worlock A, Stone M, Deeks SG, Richman DD, Busch MP. Replicate Aptima Assay for Quantifying Residual Plasma Viremia in Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2020; 58(12): e01400–20. doi:10.1128/JCM.01400-20.

Facente SN, Grebe E, Pilcher CD, Busch MP, Murphy G, Welte A. Estimated dates of detectable infection (EDDIs) as an improvement upon Fiebig staging for HIV infection dating. Epidemiology and Infection 2020; 148: e53. doi:10.1017/S0950268820000503.

Grebe E, Busch MP, Notari EP, Bruhn R, Quiner C, Hindes D, Stone M, Bakkour S, Yang H, Williamson P, Kessler D, Reik R, Stramer SL, Glynn SA, Anderson SA, Williams AE, Custer B. HIV incidence in US first-time blood donors and transfusion risk with a 12-month deferral for men who have sex with men. Blood 2020; 136(11): 1359–1367. doi:10.1182/blood.2020007003.

Quiner C, Bruhn R, Grebe E, Di Germanio C, Kessler D, Reik R, Williamson P, Hampton D, Fayed R, Anderson SA, Williams AE, Glynn SA, Busch MP, Stramer SL, Custer B, for the Transfusion-Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS). Recently acquired infection among HIV-seropositive donors in the US from 2010-2018. Transfusion 2020; 60(10): 2340–2347. doi:10.1111/trf.16032.

Facente SN, Busch MP, Grebe E, Pilcher CD, Welte A, Rice B, Murphy G. Challenges to the performance of current HIV diagnostic assays and the need for centralized specimen archives: A review of the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) repository. Gates Open Research 2019; 3: 1511. doi:10.12688/gatesopenres.13048.1.

Gonese E, Kilmarx PH, van Schalkwyk C, Grebe E, Mutasa K, Ntozini R, Parekh B, Dobbs T, Duong Pottinger Y, Masciotra S, Owen M, Nachega JB, van Zyl G, Hargrove JW. Evaluation of the Performance of Three Biomarker Assays for Recent HIV Infection Using a Well-Characterized HIV-1 Subtype C Incidence Cohort. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2019; 35(7): 615–627. doi:10.1089/AID.2019.0033.

Grebe E, Facente SN, Bingham J, Pilcher CD, Powrie A, Gerber J, Priede G, Chibawara T, Busch MP, Murphy G, Kassanjee R, Welte A. Interpreting HIV diagnostic histories into infection time estimates: Analytical framework and online tool. BMC Infectious Diseases 2019; 19(1): 894. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4543-9.

Keating SM, Rountree W, Grebe E, Pappas AL, Stone M, Hampton D, Todd CA, Poniewierski MS, Sanchez A, Porth CG, Denny TN, Busch MP, for the EQAPOL Limiting Antigen (LAg) Incidence Assay External Quality Assurance (EQA) Program. Development of an international external quality assurance program for HIV-1 incidence using the Limiting Antigen Avidity assay. PLoS ONE 2019; 14(9): e0222290. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222290.

Pilcher CD, Porco TC, Facente SN, Grebe E, Delaney KP, Masciotra S, Kassanjee R, Busch MP, Murphy G, Owen SM, Welte A. A generalizable method for estimating duration of HIV infections using clinical testing history and HIV test results. AIDS 2019; 33(7): 1231–1240. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000002190.

Sempa JB, Welte A, Busch MP, Hall J, Hampton D, Facente SN, Keating SM, Marson K, Parkin N, Pilcher CD, Murphy G, Grebe E, on behalf of the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA). Performance comparison of the Maxim and Sedia Limiting Antigen Avidity assays for HIV incidence surveillance. PLoS ONE 2019; 14(7): e0220345. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220345.

Vermeulen M, Lelie N, Coleman C, Sykes W, Jacobs G, Swanevelder R, Busch M, Van Zyl G, Grebe E, Welte A, Reddy R. Assessment of HIV transfusion transmission risk in South Africa: A 10-year analysis following implementation of individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology testing and donor demographics eligibility changes. Transfusion 2019; 59(1): 267–276. doi:10.1111/trf.14959.

Facente SN, Grebe E, Burk K, Morris MD, Murphy EL, Mirzazadeh A, Smith AA, Sanchez MA, Evans JL, Nishimura A, Raymond HF. Estimated hepatitis C prevalence and key population sizes in San Francisco: A foundation for elimination. PLoS ONE 2018; 13(4): e0195575. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195575.

Grebe E, Welte A, Johnson LF, van Cutsem G, Puren A, Ellman T, Etard J-F, Huerga H. Population-level HIV incidence estimates using a combination of synthetic cohort and recency biomarker approaches in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS ONE 2018; 13(9): e0203638. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203638.

Nascimento EJM, Huleatt JW, Cordeiro MT, Castanha PMS, George JK, Grebe E, Welte A, Brown M, Burke DS, Marques ETA. Development of antibody biomarkers of long term and recent dengue virus infections. Journal of Virological Methods 2018; 257: 62–68. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.04.009.

Grebe E, Welte A, Hall J, Keating SM, Facente SN, Marson K, Martin JN, Little SJ, Price MA, Kallas EG, Busch MP, Pilcher CD, Murphy G, on behalf of the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA). Infection Staging and Incidence Surveillance Applications of High Dynamic Range Diagnostic Immuno-Assay Platforms. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2017; 76(5): 547–555. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001537.

Huerga H, Shiferie F, Grebe E, Giuliani R, Farhat JB, Van-Cutsem G, Cohen K. A comparison of self-report and antiretroviral detection to inform estimates of antiretroviral therapy coverage, viral load suppression and HIV incidence in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases 2017; 17(1): 653. doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2740-y.

Murphy G, Pilcher CD, Keating SM, Kassanjee R, Facente SN, Welte A, Grebe E, Marson K, Busch MP, Dailey P, Parkin N, Osborn J, Ongarello S, Marsh K, Garcia-Calleja JM. Moving towards a reliable HIV incidence test – current status, resources available, future directions and challenges ahead. Epidemiology and Infection 2017; 145(5): 925–941. doi:10.1017/S0950268816002910.

Seaton KE, Vandergrift NA, Deal AW, Rountree W, Bainbridge J, Grebe E, Anderson DA, Sawant S, Shen X, Yates NL, Denny TN, Liao H-X, Haynes BF, Robb ML, Parkin N, Santos BR, Garrett N, Price MA, Naniche D, Duerr AC, Keating S, Hampton D, Facente S, Marson K, Welte A, Pilcher CD, Cohen MS, Tomaras GD. Computational analysis of antibody dynamics identifies recent HIV-1 infection. JCI Insight 2017; 2(24): e94355. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.94355.

Grebe E. The ambiguities of the ‘partnership’ between civil society and the state in Uganda’s AIDS response during the 1990s and 2000s as demonstrated in the development of TASO. Global Public Health 2016; 11(4): 496–512. doi:10.1080/17441692.2015.1062121.

Keating SM, Kassanjee R, Lebedeva M, Facente SN, MacArthur JC, Grebe E, Murphy G, Welte A, Martin JN, Little S, Price MA, Kallas EG, Busch MP, Pilcher CD, on behalf of the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA). Performance of the Bio-Rad Geenius HIV1/2 Supplemental Assay in Detecting ‘Recent’ HIV Infection and Calculating Population Incidence. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2016; 73(5): 581–588. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001146.

Grebe E, Nattrass N. AIDS conspiracy beliefs and unsafe sex in Cape Town. AIDS and Behavior 2012; 16(3): 761–773. doi:10.1007/s10461-011-9958-2.

Grebe E. The Treatment Action Campaign’s Struggle for AIDS Treatment in South Africa: Coalition-building Through Networks. Journal of Southern African Studies 2011; 37(4): 849–868. doi:10.1080/03057070.2011.608271.

Grebe E. Contingency, contestation and hegemony: The possibility of a non-essentialist politics for the left. Philosophy & Social Criticism 2009; 35(5): 589–611. doi:10.1177/0191453709103428.

Avelino-Silva VI, Stone M, Di Germanio C, Simmons G, Sulaeman H, Deng X, Lanteri MC, Spencer BR, Hathaway CA, Busch MP, Grebe E. SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and variant-specific antibody titers in blood donors with prior infection, prior vaccination or hybrid immunity: Correlations with protection against omicron infections. Vox Sanguinis 2025; 120(Suppl. 1): 238.

Avelino-Silva VI, Stone M, Di Germanio C, Grebe E, Custer B, Kleinman S, Deng X, Vasan S, Phanuphak N, Sacdalan C, Akapirat S, Souza MS, Busch MP, Norris PJ. HIV serologic reactivity in persons with HIV who started ART during acute/early stages of infection. Topics in Antiviral Medicine 2025; 33(1): 389.

Custer B, Buccheri R, Grebe E, Milani P, Montalvo L, Wen L, Stone M, Miranda C, Amorim L, Loureiro P, Ribeiro M, Guimarães da Costa A, Mendrone Jr. A, Busch MP, Sabino EC. Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus surveillance in blood donors in Brazil during the 2023–2024 outbreak season. Vox Sanguinis 2025; 120(Suppl. 1): 47.

Di Germanio C, Avelino-Silva VI, Deng X, Balasko B, Bhaskar J, Lanteri M, Spencer B, Stone M, Grebe E, Busch MP. Effect of immune priming with pre-omicron SARS-CoV-2 antigenic stimuli on antibody responses among blood donors with omicron infections and reinfections. Transfusion 2025; 65(S2): 21A.

Grebe E, Di Germanio C, Notari E, Stone M, Milani P, Busch MP, Gorlin J, Reik R, Whitaker B, Custer B. Assessment of donor presentation times relative to HIV acquisition during different deferral policies in the U.S. Based on quantitative biomarker testing. Transfusion 2025; 65(S2): 53A.

Grebe E, Avelino-Silva VI, Bravo MD, Busch MP, Custer B. Development of a risk assessment model of HIV transfusion transmission associated with undisclosed use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by blood donors. Vox Sanguinis 2025; 120(Suppl. 1): 110.

Grebe E, Stone M, Sulaeman H, Di Germanio C, Spencer B, Fink RV, Wright DJ, Lanteri MC, Busch MP. Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 first infections and reinfections and correlates of protection in a large U.S. Blood donor cohort, 2022–2023. Vox Sanguinis 2025; 120(Suppl. 1): 236.

Hughes S, Kaidarova Z, Grebe E, Roberts P, Reik R, Gorlin J, Notari E, Whitaker B, Custer B. Blood donation by US donors living with HIV, with and without evidence of antiretroviral therapy: Self-reported context and motivations. Transfusion 2025; 65(S2): 239A.

Lanteri MC, Deng X, Grebe E, Stone M, Spencer BR, Fink RV, Wright D, Sulaeman H, Busch MP. Ascertainment of SARS-CoV-2 infections and reinfections and characterization of anti-spike and nucleocapsid antibody levels over multiple infection events. Vox Sanguinis 2025; 120(Suppl. 1): 241.

Miranda C, Buccheri R, Warden D, Grebe E, Capuani L, De Almeida-Neto C, Ribeiro M, Amorim L, Loureiro P, Fraiji N, Stone M, Sabino EC, Custer B. HIV incidence and factors associated with recent infection among blood donors in Brazil following adoption of individual donor assessment. Transfusion 2025; 65(S2): 48A.

Stone M, Avelino-Silva VI, Di Germanio C, Lanteri M, Grebe E, Custer B, Buccheri R, Busch MP, Norris P. HIV serologic reactivity in long-term treated persons with HIV according to timing of ART initiation and implications for blood safety. Transfusion 2025; 65(S2): 22A.

Stone M, Grebe E, Sulaeman H, Spencer B, Fink RV, Custer B, Avelino-Silva VI, Lanteri MC, Busch MP. Evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 repeat blood donor serosurveillance program into a respiratory virus repeat blood donor cohort. Vox Sanguinis 2025; 120(Suppl. 1): 341.

Sulaeman H, Stone M, Grebe E, Deng X, Di Germanio C, Lanteri M, Busch MP. Evaluation of multiplexed serology assays for respiratory virus serosurveillance in blood donors. Vox Sanguinis 2025; 120(Suppl. 1): 99.

Avelino-Silva VI, Stone M, Bakkour S, Di Germanio C, Schmidt M, Conway AL, Wright D, Grebe E, Custer B, Kleinman SH, Deng X, Vasan S, Facente S, Phanuphak N, Sacdalan C, Akapirat S, De Souza M, Busch MP, Norris P. Blunted HIV detectability using contemporary donor screening serological and nucleic acid assays following early antiretroviral treatment initiation. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(Suppl. 1): 103.

Avelino-Silva VI, Bruhn R, Zurita KG, Deng X, Yu EA, Grebe E, Stone M, Lanteri MC, Spencer BR, Busch MP, Custer B. Long COVID in blood donors—prevalence, associations with post-infection SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, and clinical subphenotypes. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(Suppl. 1): 109.

Braga N, Mateos S, Buccheri R, Avelino-Silva VI, Warden DE, Almeida-Neto C, Ribeiro M, Amorim L, Loureiro P, Fraiji N, Grebe E, Stone M, Sabino EC, Custer B. Sociodemographic factors associated with reactivity in syphilis serology among Brazilian blood donors from January 2020 to February 2022. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(Suppl. 1): 340.

Buccheri R, Whitaker B, Pollack L, Di Germanio C, Haaland R, Stramer S, Reik R, Pandey S, Stone M, Anderson S, Marks P, Custer B, Grebe E. Tenofovir measurement in whole blood and plasma: Implications for PrEP monitoring in blood safety. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(Suppl. 1): 101.

Buccheri R, Mateos S, Avelino-Silva VI, Warden DE, Almeida-Neto C, Ribeiro M, Amorim L, Loureiro P, Fraiji N, Grebe E, Stone M, Sabino E, Custer B. Assessment of HIV prevalence and incidence among blood donors in five Brazilian blood centers before and after the discontinuation of deferral policies for men who have sex with men. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(Suppl. 1): 104.

Custer B, Avelino-Silva VI, Bravo M, Busch MP, Grebe E. Assessment of blood safety implications of increasing use of HIV treatment and prevention therapies. Transfusion 2024; 64(S3): 24A.

Grebe E, Notari EP, Di Germanio C, Huseynova E, Stone M, Bruhn R, Belov A, Yang A, Green V, Reik R, Kessler D, Hailu B, Dodd RY, Busch MP, Whitaker B, Stramer SL, Custer B. Residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HIV in the US during different eligibility policy periods before the adoption of individual donor assessment. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(Suppl. 1): 102.

Grebe E, Stone M, Wright D, Chacreton D, Spencer BR, Haynes J, Akinseye A, Lanteri MC, Green V, Avelino-Silva VI, Bruhn RL, Custer B, Biggerstaff BJ, Coughlin M, Jones JM, Busch MP. Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 reinfection detection using expanded dynamic range anti-nucleocapsid antibody testing in repeat blood donors. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(Suppl. 1): 230.

Roubinian N, Plimier C, Spencer BR, Bravo M, Bruhn R, Stone M, Grebe E, Saa P, Thomas K, Goel R, Hod EA, Custer B, Kleinman S, Norris P, Busch MP. Blood donor SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased platelet transfusion effectiveness in recipients without acute COVID-19. Vox Sanguinis 2024; 119(Suppl. 1): 116.

Contestable P, Di Germanio C, Grebe E, Stone M, Simmons G, Deng X, Lanteri M, Green V, Busch M. Qualification of high titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma with an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG quantitative test. Transfusion 2023; 63(S5): 234A.

Custer B, Haaland R, Grebe E, Stone M, Reik R, Kessler D, Lanteri M, Hailu B, Whitaker B, Yang H, Stramer S, Busch MP. Multi-year assessment of antiretroviral therapy use among HIV repeat reactive US blood donors. Transfusion 2023; 63(S5): 40A.

Di Germanio C, Deng X, Balasko B, Simmons G, Stone M, Grebe E, Spencer B, Jones J, Contestable P, Busch M. Anti-spike and nucleocapsid antibody dynamics following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: Implications for sourcing COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Transfusion 2023; 63(S5): 148A.

Grebe E, Di Germanio C, Stone M, Notari EP, Bruhn R, Lanteri MC, Kessler D, Reik R, Stramer SL, Busch MP, Hailu B, Anderson S, Whitaker B, Custer B. HIV incidence in US first-time blood donors during 12-month and 3-month MSM deferral policy periods on behalf of the US TTIMS program. Vox Sanguinis 2023; 118(Suppl. 1): 70.

Grebe E, Stone M, Wright D, Spencer B, Akinseye A, Bruhn R, Biggerstaff B, Custer B, Jones J, Busch MP. Performance of antibody boosting thresholds for serological detection of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Transfusion 2023; 63(S5): 34A.

Haynes J, Spencer B, Grebe E, Stone M, Di Germanio C, Akinseye A, Jones J, Busch M, Stramer S. Nucleocapsid antibody boosting to identify SARS-CoV-2 reinfections among US blood donors. Transfusion 2023; 63(S5): 130A.

Jones J, Stone M, Grebe E, Saa P, Di Germanio C, Molina Manrique I, Lanteri M, Stramer S, Opsomer J, Busch MP. Monitoring incidence and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections by vaccine status using the US nationwide blood donor cohort. Transfusion 2023; 63(S5): 33A.

Roubinian N, Greene J, Liu V, Spencer B, Bruhn R, Stone M, Grebe E, Saa P, Stramer S, Kleinman S, Custer B, Busch MP, Norris PJ. Pulmonary and thrombotic outcomes in plasma and platelet transfusion recipients prior to and following periods of blood donor SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Vox Sanguinis 2023; 118(Suppl. 1): 80.

Spencer B, Akinseye A, Grebe E, Stone M, Bruhn R, Wright D, Haynes J, Stramer S, Jones J, Busch MP. SARS-CoV-2 primary infections and reinfections among a nationwide prospective blood donor cohort. Transfusion 2023; 63(S5): 35A.

Stone M, Grebe E, Saa P, Fink R, Manrique I, Di Germanio C, Bravo M, Green V, Yu E, Bruhn R, Spencer B, Notari E, Lanteri M, Stramer S, Custer B, Opsomer J, Coughlin M, Briggs-Hagen M, Jones J, Busch M. Development of a nationwide repeat blood donor cohort to monitor SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance and population immunity. Vox Sanguinis 2023; 118(Suppl. 1): 87.

Van den Berg K, Murphy E, Maartens G, Louw V, Grebe E. The impact of non-disclosure of antiretroviral therapy on HIV incidence algorithms. Transfusion 2023; 63(S5): 13A.

Vermeulen M, Sykes W, Van den Berg K, Cable R, Coleman C, Glatt T, Grebe E, Mhlanga L, Swanevelder R, Welte A. The evolution and interpretation of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors from the beta to omicron variant driven waves. Transfusion 2023; 63(S5): 236A.

Bakkour S, Altan A, Grebe E, Green V, Delwart E, Glynn S, Reik RA, Kessler DA, Stramer SL, Custer B. HIV drug-resistance-associated mutations in United States blood donors, 2015–2020. Transfusion 2022; 62(S2): 30A.

Bruhn RL, Kaidarova Z, Grebe E, Notari EP, Reik RA, Kessler DA, Kamel H, Yang H, Stramer SL, Custer B. Risk factors for HIV infection in US blood donors: 2015–2020. Transfusion 2021; 61(S3): 12A.

Grebe E, Di Germanio C, Bakkour S, Bruhn RL, Notari EP, Kessler DA, Reik RA, Anderson SA, Stramer SL, Custer B. HIV incidence in US first-time blood donors during the entire 12-month MSM deferral period. Transfusion 2021; 61(S3): 195A.

Sykes W, Cable R, Coleman C, Glatt T, Grebe E, Mhlanga L, Pieterson N, Swanevelder R, Van den Berg K, Vermeulen M, Welte A. Prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in South African blood donors. Topics in Antiviral Medicine 2021; 29(1): 247.

Grebe E, Notari EP, Bruhn R, Quiner C, Stone M, Bakkour S, Yang H, Kessler D, Reik R, Busch MP, Stramer S, Glynn SA, Williams AE, Custer B. No HIV incidence increase in first-time blood donors with 12-month deferral for MSM. Topics in Antiviral Medicine 2020; 28(1): 483.

Grebe E, Custer B, Belov A, Yang H, Forshee RA, Busch MP. HIV infectious window period with minipool NAT screening for residual transfusion transmission risk estimation. Transfusion 2020; 60(S5): 46A–47A.

Russell WA, Grebe E, Custer B. Projecting COVID-19 convalescent plasma production, supply, and demand during an epidemic. Transfusion 2020; 60(S5): 21A.

Grebe E, Murphy G, Keating SM, Hampton D, Busch MP, Facente SN, Marson K, Pilcher CD, Longosz A, Eshleman SH, Quinn TC, Welte A, Parkin N, Laeyendecker O. Impact of HIV-1 subtype and sex on sedia limiting antigen avidity assay performance. Topics in Antiviral Medicine 2019; 27(suppl 1): 483.

Sempa JB, Welte A, Busch MP, Hall J, Hampton D, Keating SM, Facente SN, Marson K, Pilcher CD, Parkin N, Murphy G, Grebe E. Performance comparison of the maxim and sedia limiting antigen avidity assays. Topics in Antiviral Medicine 2019; 27(suppl 1): 483.

Grebe E, Vermeulen M, Brits T, Swanevelder R, Jacobs G, Busch MP, Welte A. Innate dynamic range of abbott PRISM HIV O PLUS is adequate for recency staging. Topics in Antiviral Medicine 2018; 26(suppl 1): 483.

Grebe E, Vermeulen M, Brits T, Swanevelder R, Jacobs G, Busch MP, Welte A. Performance validation of the sedia LAg assay in South African blood donors. Topics in Antiviral Medicine 2018; 26(suppl 1): 483.

Grebe E, Welte A, Hall J, Busch MP, Facente S, Keating S, Marson K, Pilcher CD, Murphy G. Recency staging of HIV infections through routine diagnostic testing. Topics in Antiviral Medicine 2017; 25(suppl 1): 983.

Pilcher CD, Facente SN, Grebe E, Keating S, Kassanjee R, Price M, Busch MP, Murphy G, Welte A, Porco TC. Assessing utility of HIV incidence assays in estimating individual infection times. Topics in Antiviral Medicine 2017; 25(suppl 1): 983.

Kelley C, Matovu Kiweewa F, Ogbuagu O, Facente S, Grebe E, Glidden DV, Shao Y, Zhao Y, Cox S, Kintu A, Brown LB, Carter CC, Das M, Bekker L-G. Estimation of the counterfactual HIV incidence in the PURPOSE trials. In: 13th International AIDS Society (IAS) Conference on HIV Science. Kigali, Rwanda, 2025.

Grebe E, Bravo MD, Bruhn RL, Stone M, Yu EA, Green V, Williamson PC, Vassallo RR, Busch MP, Custer B. Estimating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness using repeat blood donor data. In: 2021 AABB Annual Meeting. Online, 2021.

Grebe E, Carter C, Cox S, Shao Y, Kintu A, Das M, Baeten J, Facente SN. Context-specific performance of recency assays in South Africa and Uganda: An in silico simulation approach. In: 18th European AIDS Conference. Online; London, UK, 2021.

Mhlanga L, Grebe E, Welte A, Ohler L, Van Cutsem G, Huerga H, Conan N. Evidence of declining incidence in a semi-urban district of South Africa, based on two modestly sized cross sectional surveys. In: Epidemics⁸: 8th International Conference on Infectious Disease Dynamics. Online, 2021.

Parkin N, Gao F, Grebe E, Cutrell A, Das M, Donnell D, Glidden D, Hughes JP, Mullick C, Murray J, Robertson M, Tchelidze T, Miller V. HIV recent infection test-based incidence as a counter-factual for new PrEP trials. In: 11th IAS Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2021). Online, 2021.

Sykes W, Cable R, Coleman C, Glatt T, Grebe E, Mhlanga L, Pietersen N, Swanevelder R, Van den Berg K, Vermeulen M, Welte A. Prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in South African blood donors. In: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Online, 2021.

Goodhue Meyer E, Simmons G, Grebe E, Gannett M, Franz S, Darst O, Di Germanio C, Stone M, Contestable P, Prichard A, Reik R, Vassallo R, Young P, Busch MP, Williamson P, Dumont LJ. Selecting COVID-19 convalescent plasma for neutralizing antibody potency using a high-capacity SARS-CoV-2 antibody assay. In: 2020 American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) Annual Meeting. Online, 2020.

Russell WA, Grebe E, Custer B. Interactive tool to inform COVID-19 convalescent plasma policy and operations. In: 42nd Annual North American Meeting, Society for Medical Decision Making. Online, 2020.

Bingham J, Grebe E, Welte A. Full accounting of time dependence and inter/intra-subject variation of infectiousness and test sensitivity: Implications for transfusion-transmitted risk estimates. In: Epidemics⁷: 7th International Conference on Infectious Disease Dynamics. Charleston, SC, 2019.

Facente SN, Grebe E, Owen R, Pilcher CD, Sharma U, Welte A, Busch MP, Murphy G. Case study of the value of historical archives for diagnostic advancements. In: 2019 HIV Diagnostics Conference. Atlanta, GA, 2019.

Grebe E, Owen R, Facente SN, Hampton D, Cheng C, Shumaker M, Mink R, Pilcher CD, Murphy G, Welte A, Busch MP. Independent assessment of the sedia Asanté™ HIV-1 rapid Recency® assay. In: 2019 HIV Diagnostics Conference. Atlanta, GA, 2019.

Grebe E, Vermeulen M, Jacobs G, Swanevelder R, Brits T, Busch MP, Welte A. Time from earliest detection of HIV infection by individual donation nucleic acid testing to detection by serological screening in South African blood donors. In: 2019 HIV Diagnostics Conference. Atlanta, GA, 2019.

Grebe E, Facente SN, Bingham J, Pilcher CD, Powrie A, Gerber J, Priede G, Chibawara T, Busch MP, Murphy G, Kassanjee R, Welte A. Interpreting HIV diagnostic histories into HIV infection date estimates: An online tool. In: International AIDS Conference. Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2018.

Facente SN, Raymond HF, Burk K, Murphy EL, Mirzazadeh A, Morris MD, Smith AA, Sanchez MA, Evans JL, Nishimura A, Grebe E. Estimated hepatitis C prevalence and key population sizes in San Francisco: A foundation for elimination. In: 9th IAS Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2017) and Hepatitis Coinfection Meeting. Paris, 2017.

Grebe E, Welte A, Johnson L, Van Cutsem G, Puren A, Ellman T, Etard J-F, Huerga H. Estimating population-level HIV incidence by combining synthetic cohort and recency biomarker approaches: A demonstration using survey data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In: Epidemics⁶: 6th International Conference on Infectious Disease Dynamics. Sitges, 2017.

Grebe E, Facente SN, Burk K, Murphy EL, Mirzazadeh A, Morris MD, Smith AA, Sanchez MA, Evans JL, Nishimura A, Raymond HF. Estimating hepatitis C burden in San Francisco: Quantifying the disproportionate impact on people who inject drugs. In: 6th International Symposium on Hepatitis Care in Substance Users. Jersey City, NY, 2017.

Grebe E, Huerga H, Van Cutsem G, Welte A. Cross-sectionally estimated age-specific HIV incidence among young women in a rural district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In: International AIDS Conference. Durban, South Africa, 2016.

Grebe E, Murphy G, Pilcher CD, Keating S, Facente S, Marson K, Busch MP, Kassanjee R, Welte A. Unmodified diagnostic assay provides similar performance to avidity modification for surveillance and clinical recency staging applications. In: 2016 HIV Diagnostics Conference. Atlanta, GA, 2016.

Parkin N, Ongarello S, Osborn J, Grebe E, Daniel S, Welte A, Rousseau C, Kassanjee R, Dailey P. HIV incidence assay performance required to monitor prevention intervention impact. In: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Boston, MA, 2016.

Pilcher CD, Porco T, Kassanjee R, Facente S, Grebe E, Masciotra S, Norris P, Garrett P, Busch MP, Owen S, Welte A. A generalizable method with improved accuracy for estimation of HIV infection duration, using clinical HIV testing histories. In: 2016 HIV Diagnostics Conference. Atlanta, GA, 2016.

Grebe E, Low M. New forms of transnational organisation on medicines access: The case of imatinib. In: XVIII ISA World Congress of Sociology. Yokohama, Japan, 2014.

Grebe E, Woermann M. Institutions of integrity and the integrity of institutions: Integrity and ethics in the politics of developmental leadership. In: International Conference on Responsible Leadership. Pretoria, 2010.

Grebe E. Marginalisation of indigenous knowledge or empowerment through science? The politics of knowledge in the struggle for AIDS treatment in South Africa. In: Democracy, Human Rights and Social Justice in a New Global Dispensation — Orebro-Unisa International Conference. Pretoria, 2010.

Nattrass N, Grebe E. Prevalence and determinants of AIDS conspiracy and AIDS denialist beliefs and implications for risky sexual behaviour among young adults in Cape Town, South Africa. In: XVIII International AIDS Conference. Vienna, 2010.

Grebe E. Transnational networks of influence in South African AIDS activism. In: XVII International AIDS Conference. Mexico City, 2008.

Grebe E. Negativity and critique in Adorno and Derrida. In: Annual Conference of the Philosophical Society of Southern Africa. Pretoria, 2008.

Grebe E. Negativity, difference and critique: The ethical moment in complexity. In: Cilliers P, Preiser R (eds) Complexity, Difference and Identity: An Ethical Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010. Epub ahead of print 2010. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9187-1.

Grebe E. Contingency, contestation and hegemony: The possibility of a non-essentialist politics for the left. In: O’Donnell M (ed) Structure and Agency. London: Sage Publications, 2010.

Bingham J, Cable R, Coleman C, Glatt TN, Grebe E, Mhlanga L, Nyano C, Pieterson N, Swanevelder R, Swarts A, Sykes W, van den Berg K, Vermeulen M, Welte A. Estimates of prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in South Africa in March 2022. Research Square 2022; rs.3.rs–1687679. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1687679/v2.

Cable R, Coleman C, Glatt T, Grebe E, Mhlanga L, Nyoni C, Pieterson N, Swanevelder R, Swarts A, Sykes W, van den Berg K, Vermeulen M, Welte A. Estimates of prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in eight provinces of South Africa in November 2021. Epub ahead of print February 2022. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1359658/v1.

Sykes W, Mhlanga L, Swanevelder R, Glatt TN, Grebe E, Coleman C, Pieterson N, Cable R, Welte A, van den Berg K, Vermeulen M. Prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in Northern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, and Free State provinces of South Africa in January 2021. Epub ahead of print February 2021. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-233375/v1.

Grebe E. The politics of social protection in a competitive African democracy: Explaining social protection policy reform in Ghana (2000-2014). CSSR Working Paper 361, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, http://www.cssr.uct.ac.za/pub/wp/361 (2015).

Grebe E. The evolution of social protection policy in Ghana’s ‘Fourth Republic’: Contributory social insurance reform and limited social assistance for the ‘extreme poor’ under NPP and NDC governments, 2000-2014. CSSR Working Paper 360, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, http://www.cssr.uct.ac.za/pub/wp/360 (2015).

Grebe E, Low M. Transnational mobilisation on access to medicines: The global movement around the imatinib mesylate case and its roots in the AIDS movement. CSSR Working Paper 349, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, http://www.cssr.uct.ac.za/pub/wp/349 (2014).

Grebe E. Civil society and the state in Uganda’s AIDS response. CSSR Working Paper 341, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, http://www.cssr.uct.ac.za/pub/wp/341 (2014).

Grebe E. Donor agenda-setting and bureaucratic advocacy on cash transfers in Uganda (2002-2013). CSSR Working Paper 352, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, http://cssr.uct.ac.za/pub/wp/352 (2014).

Grebe E, Mubiru JB. Development and social policy reform in Uganda: The slow emergence of a social protection agenda (1986-2014). CSSR Working Paper 353, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, http://cssr.uct.ac.za/pub/wp/353 (2014).

Grebe E. Book review: ‘Against the Odds: Politicians, institutions and the struggle against poverty’ by Melo, Ng’ethe & Manor, http://www.dlprog.org/ftp/view/Public\%20Folder/Book\%20Reviews/Book\%20review\%20Melo\%20Ngethe\%20and\%20Manor.pdf (2013).

Grebe E. Book review: ‘Transformative Political Leadership: Making a difference in the developing world’ by Robert Rotberg, http://www.dlprog.org/news-events/review-transformative-political-leadership-making-a-difference-in-the-developing-world-by-robert-rotberg.php (2013).

Grebe E. Civil Society Leadership in the Struggle for Aids Treatment in South Africa and Uganda. SSRN Electronic Journal. Epub ahead of print 2012. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2549636.

Grebe E. Global advocacy in an era of resource constraints and shifting global priorities, http://www.medicusmundi.ch/de/bulletin/mms-bulletin/hiv-aids-and-advocacy/hiv-aids-and-advocacy/global-advocacy-in-an-era-of-resource-constraints-and-shifting-global-priorities (2012).

Grebe E, Woermann M. Institutions of integrity and the integrity of institutions: Integrity and ethics in the politics of developmental leadership. DLP Research Paper 15, Developmental Leadership Program, http://www.dlprog.org (2011).

Grebe E. Leaders, networks and coalitions in the AIDS response: A comparison of Uganda and South Africa. DLP Research Paper 3, Developmental Leadership Program, http://www.dlprog.org (2009).

Grebe E. Networks of influence in South African AIDS treatment activism. CSSR Working Paper 222, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, http://www.cssr.uct.ac.za/pub/wp/222 (2008).

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